Ingrown Toenails: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

If you’ve ever had an ingrown toenail, you know it can turn a small problem into a big source of discomfort. While common, this condition can worsen without proper care—and in some cases, require medical treatment from a foot and ankle specialist.

What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail happens when the edge of the nail grows into the surrounding skin instead of straight out. This can cause pain, swelling, and sometimes infection. The big toe is most often affected, but any toenail can develop the issue.

Common Causes

Several factors can lead to an ingrown toenail, including:

Improper nail trimming – Cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges can encourage them to grow into the skin.

Tight footwear – Shoes that squeeze the toes put extra pressure on the nails.

Injury – Stubbing your toe or other trauma can change the nail’s growth pattern.

Genetics – Some people naturally have nails that curve more, making ingrown nails more likely.

Symptoms to Watch For

Signs of an ingrown toenail can include:

Tenderness or pain along one or both sides of the nail

Redness and swelling around the nail

Warmth in the affected area

Drainage or pus, which may indicate infection

Treatment Options

For mild cases, at-home care may help:

Soak the foot in warm water for 15–20 minutes, several times a day, to reduce swelling.

Wear open-toed or roomy shoes to relieve pressure.

Keep the area clean and dry.

If the toenail is infected, the pain is severe, or the problem keeps coming back, it’s best to see an orthopedic or podiatric specialist. In-office treatments may include:

Lifting the nail to help it grow correctly

Partial nail removal to take out the ingrown section

Nail matrix removal in recurring cases to prevent regrowth in the problematic area

When to Seek Professional Care

People with diabetes, poor circulation, or weakened immune systems should see a doctor at the first sign of an ingrown toenail, as complications can develop quickly.

Bottom line: An ingrown toenail might seem minor, but early care can prevent infection and long-term issues. If home remedies aren’t helping—or if you’re dealing with recurring problems - an orthopedic specialist can provide safe, effective treatment to get you back on your feet comfortably.